Electric controlling apparatus



Nov. 3, 1931. v H. K. KOUYOUMJIAN I 1,830,232

ELECTRIC CONTROLLING APPARATUS Filed Nov. 4. 1929 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 INVENTOR ATTO NEY Nov. 3, 1931. H. K. KOUYOUMJIAN 1,830,232

ELECTRIC CONTROLLING APPARATUS Filed Nov. 4, 1929 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 K INVENTOR ATTOR EY Patented Nov. 1931 UNrrso STATES PATENT OFFICE KABOUTIUN K. KOUYOUIJ'ILN, OI PROVIDENCE, RHODE ISLAND, ASSIGNOR '10 WARD LEONARD ELECTRIC OOHPLNY,'A CORPORATION OF NEW YORK ELEC'ILIO CONTROLLING APPARATUS Application fled November 4, 1888. Serial Io. 404,687.

This invention relates particularly to alternating current voltage regulators and transformers wherein the output voltage is maintained constant or a proximately constant, regardless of variations of voltage in the supply line. The invention also relates to mamtaining the output voltage constant or approximately constant, even underchanges in load in the consumption circuit.

The present invention is an improvement over the inventions disclosed by my prior pending applications, Serial Number 306,- 259, filed September 15, 1928; and Serial Number 344,333, filed March 5, 1929.

The main object of the present invention is not only to control the output voltage in the manner desired, regardless of variations in the supply voltage, but also to control the output voltage in the manner desired when the load varies even over extreme ranges. Ordinarily, it is desired to maintain the output voltage constant or approximately constant under varying conditions, but the present invention enables the voltage to be controlled in any particular manner desired.

A further object is to obtain these results by a simple and inexpensive form of construction, and which will also be durable and dependable. Other objects and advantages of this invention will be understood b those skilled inthe art from the following escription and accompanying drawings.

Fig. 1 is a dia ram showing one preferred embodiment of t e invention; and Figs. 2 to 4 are similar diagrams illustrating modifications.

Referring to Fig. 1, the laminated iron, or steel,'core is shown as having four legs 1a, 1b, 1c and 1d. The legs-are joined together at their upper and lower ends by crosspieces 2a and 2b. Ordinarily, the cross-sections of the different parts of the core will be about the same, although in some cases, 'for particular purposes, the cross-sections of the diflerent parts may be modified relatively to each other. It will also be understood that instead of the core being made of the form indicated in the drawings, it may have various other conformations. The inner legs of the core carry a number of windings indicated diagrammatically, but it will be understood that the number of turns of the different windings will be made such as the particular conditions require, and that the location of the windings may be modified from that indicated, and that some of the windings instead of being superimposed with reference to each other, may be located side by side, or may be more or less distributed or sandwiched with each other to meet particular requirements.

The main, or primary, exciting winding 3 is shown as enveloping the end portions of the two inner legs. Another winding 4 is, in Fig. 1, shown enveloping the other end portions of the two inner legs and forms a closed circuit on itself for the passage of alternating current through the condenser 5, indicated as adjustable. -Another exciting winding 6 is located on the leg 10, and is so wound and connected as to act in opposition to the main exciting winding 3. This opposing, or bucking, winding is shown connected in series with the main exciting winding to the alternating current source of supply 7. The secondary, or output, winding 8 is shown in Fig. 1 as enveloping a portion of the leg 10 and supplies a translating device 9 in the consumption circuit. ThlS device may be any form of translating device. In some cases, the main exciting winding 3 and the bucking winding 6 may be connected in parallel with each other across the supply line, but ordinarily the series connection has important advantages.

The cross-section of leg 16 and the ampere turns of the windings enveloping this leg are such that, under normal conditions, this part of the core is worked near, or just below, the knee of the saturation curve, although in some cases, for particular requirements, this core may be normally worked at a difi'erent part of the saturation curve. The cross section of the leg 10 and the net ampere turns of the windings enveloping this leg, are such that this part of the core is normally worked on the so-called straight part of the saturation curve below the knee of the curve. ticular purposes, the normal condition ofthis portion of the core may be such as to be nor-.

For parmally worked at a .wit the action due to the bucking coil higher-or lower portion of the straight art of t e saturation curve, ac-

cording to e results'desired. p

The operation in a general way maybe understood by assumingthe supp y vo tags and output volta to-be at normal amounts,- and by that the load remains fixed. Under congizions, tPe ratlaio of thlelal 051tat V to supp y vo tage w' egend u n the relative number of turns in the di erent windings. The winding4, by

reason of havingthe condenser of roper capacity in its circuit, carries an inuced leading current and therefore acts cumulatively 1n the excitation of the core with the main exciting winding 3.

Now assume that supply voltage falls to an abnormally low amount. ere are two main factors which tend to ofiset the drop in voltage of the out ut circuit which would ordinarily occur. e factor is that altho h the main exciting winding 3 would carry ess current and tend to cause a decrease in the excitation of the leg 10, yet the bucking winding 6 would likewise carry less current and cause the bucking effect to be correspondingly reduced. The other factor is that the cumulatively acting winding 4 becomes more efiective upon decrease of the supply voltage by reason of its leading current being increased. This is due to the fact that the eg 16 being at, or near, saturation under normal conditions of supplyvoltage the winding 4 has less inductance and carries less current than when the leg 16 is somewhat below saturation. Thus the greater induced current in the cumulatively acting winding 4 u 11 decrease of supply voltage, tog6ethr .0 sets the tendency toward reduced resultant excitation of the le 10 within the secondary, or output, coil 8, with the result that the output circuit is subjected to substantially the same flux change as before the decrease in the supply voltage, resulting in the output vol e being maintained constant or a proximately constant. Similarly, when t 0 supply voltage increases above the normal amount the bucking winding 6 does, of course, have an increased bucking effect tending to hold the magnetization of the leg 10 down and, by reason of the leg 1b being'carried to saturation, or near saturation, by the increased effect of the main winding 3, the inductance of the cumulatively acting windin 4 becomes less, causing less current to be in uced in this winding, resulting ina reduction in the cumulative excitation. Thus the le 10 carrying the output winding 8 is cause to, have substantially the same magn'etization as before the increaseof voltage, resulting in the output voltage remaining constant or approximately constant. In fact, if desired, the output voltage could be caused to decrease upon increase in supply a Y aeaoaee volta and vice versa by proper relation of ther ms in the dikerent windings capacity of the-condenser 5.

' An im rtant advantage ofthis improvement is t at the efliciency of the re ator and transformer remains approximate constant under wide variations in the supp y volta e, because u on increase in supply volta t a current t en from the linecorresponngly decreases and vice versa. V

For the purpose of maintaining the voltage of the output circuit approximatel constant under extreme changes of load, t e leg 1b should be normally worked just below' saturation. Assuming the load to be in creased, there of course results an increased current in the main exciting winding 3 and in the bucking winding, and if it were not for the winding 4, the voltage of the out ut cuit would drop with increased load increase in the primary winding 3, however, .causes an increased inductance in the winding 4, owing to the leg lbbeing below saturaand cir- The V tion. The resultant increase in current in riable load, or controlled as desired. It will be understood that the leg 1b should normally be below saturation for obtaining the bestresults in maintaining the output voltage ap roximately constant under variable load,w ereas for the purpose of maintaining the output voltage approximatel constant over extreme variations of supp y voltage, the leg 1b should be at, or near, saturation, under normal conditions. Thus, the pro rtion of the parts and the relationship 0 the wlndings should be made such as to suit the particu ar conditions required. For example, if it be desired to maintain the output volta e constant over extreme variations of supp y voltage and over extreme variations in load, a compromise excitation of the leg 1b under normal conditions should be selected; but if the load remains approximately constant and it is particularly desired to offset extreme variations in the sup ly voltage, then the normal excitation of t e le 16 should be at, or'near, saturation; but i the supply voltage does not vary greatly, and it is particularly desired to maintain a constant or approximately constant output voltage with change of load, or even to increase the output voltage with increase in load, then the acting windin 4 tends to the two legs in a common direction, that is,

in the same direction as when a single windin envelops both legs, as indicated in Fig. 1.

11 some cases, the cumulatively exciting winding 4 instead of enveloping both legs,

' may envelop only one leg, such as the leg 16,

as shown in Fig. 2, where the winding 4a in series with the condenser 5 serves as the cumulatively actin winding carrying the leading current. though enveloping a single leg with this winding is less expensive,

et the refinement of control is not then as gh, ordinarily, as that obtained when this winding envelops both legs, but it may, however, desirably serve to fulfill certain require- 'ments. Likewise, the output windin 8 instead of enveloping only one le as in ig. 1, ma envelop both legs as indicated by the coi 8ain Fig. 2. Ordinarily, however, the results obtained are not as desirable as when the output winding envelops only the leg carrying the bucking winding.

In some cases, instead of providing an additional secondary winding to comprise the output circuit, the output lines may be tapped directly into the bucking winding, in which case this winding serves as an auto-transformer winding for supplying the translating device, or devices. This is illustrated in Fig. 3 where the supply lines are indicated as connected to the bucking winding 6. Obviously, this winding may be tapped at any portion thereof to supply any desired voltage to the consumption circuit. It will also be understood that in any of the other forms indicated in the drawings, the bucking winding could serve to supply, the translating devices. In some cases where this occurs, an additional output winding may be added to supply a higher or lower voltage to other translating devices; and obviously the output winding, or windings, may be provided with taps to supply difierent voltages as may be desired.

Fig. 4 indicates another relative arrangement of the windings wherein the cumulative winding 4 is shown enveloping both legs as in Fig. 1, but the output winding 8 of Fig. l is indicated as a winding 8a enveloping both legs. It would be advantageous in practice to cause this winding 8a to be made in two coils connected in series, as already explained with reference to the winding 4.

It is evident that this invention may be embodied in various forms of construction of core, as already referred to, and in various relationships and locations of the windings without departing from the scope thereof.

I claim:

1. Alternating current controlling apparatus comprising a core, an alternating current exciting winding on said core, a second alternating current winding on said core acting in opposition to said first-named winding, a third winding on said core, means for causing the current induced in said third winding to be a leading current, and an output circuit subjected to resultant magnetic effects.

2. Alternating current 'controllin apparatus comprising a core, an alternating current exciting winding on said core, a second alternating current winding on said core acting in opposition to said first-named winding, a third winding on said core, means in the circuit of said third winding for causing the current induced therein to be a leading current, and an output winding on said core subjected to resultant magnetic effects.

3. Alternating current controlling apparatus comprising a core, an alternating current exciting winding on said core, an alternating current exciting winding on a portion of said core and acting in opposition to said first-named winding, said portion of the core being below saturation, a third Winding on said core, means'for causing the current induced in said third winding to be a leading current, and an output circuit subjected to resultant magnetic efl'ects.

4-. Alternating current controlling apparatus comprising a core, an alternating current exciting winding on said core, an alternating current exciting winding on a portion of said core and acting in opposition to said first-named winding, said portion of the core being below saturation, a third winding on said core, means in the circuit of said third winding for causing the current induced therein to be a leading current, and an output winding on said core subjected to resultant magnetic effects.

5. Alternating current controlling apparatus comprising a core, analternating current exciting winding on said core, an alternating current exciting winding on said core and acting in opposition to said first-named winding, a third winding on a portion of said core, said portion of the core being normally near saturation, means in the circuit of said third winding for causing the current induced therein to be a leading current, and an output circuit subjected to resultant magnetic eflects.

6. Alternating current controlling apparatus comprising a core, an alternating current exciting winding on said core, an alternating current exciting winding on a portion of said core and acting in opposition to said first-named winding, said portion of the core being below saturation, another winding on a third ortion of said core, said lastnamed portlon of the core being normally near saturation, means in the circuit of said third winding for causing the current induced therein to be a leading current, and an out ut circuit subjected to resultant magnetic efiects.

7. Alternating current controlling apparatus comprising a core, an alternatlng current excitingwinding on said core, an alternating current exciting winding on said core acting in opposition to said first-named winding and in series therewith, a third winding on said core, means in thecircuit of said third winding for causing the current induced therein to be a leading current, and an output circuit subjected to resultant mag- 8. Alternating current controlling apparatus comprising a core, a main alternating current exciting winding embracing a portion of said core, an alternating current exciting windin embracing another portion of said core an acting in opposition to said first-named winding, a third winding embracing another portion of said core, means for causing the current induced in said third winding to be a leading current, and an output winding subjected to resultant magnetic efi'ects.

9. Alternating current controlling apparatus comprising a core, a main alternating current exciting winding embracing a por-- and an out ut circuit subjected to resultant magnetic e ects.

10. Alternating current controlling apparatus comprising a core, a main alternating current exciting winding embracing a portion of said core, an alternating current exciting winding on said core acting in op osit-ion to said first-named winding, anot er winding on said core, a condenser in the circuit of said last-named winding, and an output circuit subjected to resultant magnetic efiects.

11. Alternating current controlling apparatus comprising a core, a main alternating current exciting winding embracing a portion of said core, an alternating current exciting winding embracing another portion of said core and acting in opposition to said first-named winding, another winding embracing another por ion of said core and also said second-named portion, a condenser in the circuit of said last-named winding, and

. other inner le an output winding embracing said secondnamed portion of said core. 7

12. Alternating current controlling apparatus comprising a core having a plurality of inner and outer'leg portions, a main alternating current exciting winding embracing an inner leg portion, a second alternating current exciting winding embracing another inner leg portion and acting in opposition to said main winding, a third winding on anportion, means for causing the current in need in said third win to be a leading current, and an output winding embracing an inner leg portion.

13. Alternating current controlli apparatus comprising a core having a p urahty of inner and outer leg portions, a main alternating current exciting winding embracing an inner leg portion, a second alternating current exciting winding embracing another inner leg portion and acting in oppodtion to said main winding, a third winding on another inner leg portion, means for causing the current induced in said third win to be a leading current, and an output win embracing two of said inner leg portions.

14. Alternating current controllin apparatus comprising a core having a p 111111? of inner and outer leg portions, a main a ternating current exclting windin embracing an inner leg portion, a secon alternating current exciting winding embracing another inner leg portion and acting in opposition to said main winding, a third winding embracing two inner leg portions, means for causing the current induced in said third winding to be a leading current, and an output winding embracing an inner leg portion.

15. Alternating current controlhng apparatus comprising a core having a plurali of inner and outer leg portions a main ternating current exciting winding embracing an inner leg portion, a second alternating current exciting winding embracing another inner leg portion and acting in opposition to said main windingfa third winding embracing two inner leg rtions, means for causing the current in need in said third winding to be a leading current, and an output winding embracing two of said inner leg portions.

16. Alternating current controlling apparatus comprising a core having a plurali of inner and outer leg portions, a main a ternatin current exciting winding, a second alternatlng current exciting winding embra one of said inner leg portions, a third ing embracing another of said inner leg portions, said main winding embracing a portion of said core common to said two inner.

leg portions, means for causing the current induced .in said third windin to be a leading current, and an output wlnding embracing an inner leg portion.

17. Alternating current controlling apparatus comprising a core having a plurality of inner and outer leg portions, a main alternating current exciting winding, a second alternating current exciting winding embracing one of said inner leg portions, a third winding embracing another of said inner leg portions and also said first-named leg portion, said main winding embracing a portion of said core common to said two inner leg portions, means for causing the current induced in said third winding to be a leading current, and an output winding embracing an inner leg portion.

18. Alternating current controlling apparatus comprising a core having a plurality of inner and outer leg portions, a main alternating current exciting winding, a second alternating current exciting winding embracing one of said inner leg portions, a third winding embracing another of said inner leg portions, said main winding embracing a portion of said core common to said two inner leg portions, means for causing the current induced in said third Winding to be a lead ing current, and an output winding embracing said two inner leg portions.

19. Alternating current controlling apparatus comprising a core having a plurality of inner and outer leg portions, a main alternating current exciting winding, a second alternating current exciting winding embracing one of said inner leg portions, a third winding embracing another of said inner leg portions and also said first-named leg portion, said main winding embracing a portion of said core common to said two inner leg portions, means for causing the current induced in said third winding to be a leading current, and an output winding embracing said two inner leg portions.

HAROUTIUN K. KOUYOUMJIAN. 

